Flora of Iran: Verbenaceae
2005
Asadi, Mostafa | Jam Zadeh, Ziba
The Verbenaceae family has been studied for the preparation of the Farsi version of the Flora of Iran. The plants growing wild in Iran have been investigated, the herbarium specimens in the herbarium of the Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands and its affiliated provincial herbaria have been studied. The morphological characters have been used to identify the species. A distribution map has been prepared for each species as well as an illustration. In this research the family has been considered in its sensu-stricto status, considering the new classification systems based on molecular, phytochemical and morphological data. Verbenaceae belongs to Lamiales order and is the sister family of Lamiaceae. Some of the genera of Verbenaceae are transferred to Lamiaceae, providing two monophyletic families. Verbenaceae (sensu-stricto) is present in Iran with two genera and two species. Verbena officinalis L. is a perennial species flowering during spring. It grows in moist places, by streams and springs in north, north-west, west, centre, north-east and south Iran. Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene is a prostrate herbaceous perennial species growing in northern and southern Iran. It flowers during spring and summer and occurs in moist places, by springs and streams, sandy sea shores and rice farms. It is also used in gardens as a ground cover. The cultivated species of Verbenaceae in Iran are Verbena X hybrida, which is used as an annual flower. Lantana camara is an ornamental, aromatic shrub used in gardens in southern and northern part of Iran. Lippia citriodora is an aromatic shrub. It is mainly cultivated for its medicinal properties.
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