Attempt at somatic nuclear transfer using primordial germ cells in domestic chicken
2008
Minematsu, T.(National Inst. of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki (Japan))
Primordial germ cell (PGC) is an essential tool for the progress of the avian reproductive biotechnology, because of the differences in morphological and physiological characteristics of ova from mammalian species. PGCs, which are germline stem cells and capable of differentiating to both spermatogonium and oogonium, originate from the central zone of the area pellucida of a blastoderm and migrate toward the genital ridge via the germinal crescent and bloodstream in avian. Taking advantage of the circulating nature of PGCs at their early embryonic stage, germline chimeric chickens could be produced by transferring PGCs into the bloodstream of 2-day incubated recipient embryos. This technology is applied to the preservation of genetic resources and producing the genetically modified birds as a basic technology of avian reproductive biotechnology. On the other hand, recently, a lot of innovative discoveries have been reported in mammals, such as establishment of embryonic stem cells and induced-pluripotent stem cells, gene targeting, and production of cloned animals by somatic nuclear transfer. The integration of these novel technologies is required for further progress of avian reproductive biotechnology. In this review, the progression of the studies on germline chimeric chickens produced by PGC transfer was summarized and our approaches of the somatic nuclear transfer using PGCs as nuclear recipients in chicken were introduced.
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