[Foundation of high productive agrocoenosis of spring barley in the steppe zone of South Urals]
2008
Besaliev, I.N.
Theses describe the models of the optimal agrocoenosis of spring barley for getting high yields of grain and seeds; it contains the data of forage barley mowing and thrashing and grain quality of malting barley. The parameters of the agrocoenosis are to be the follow: standing number is 430 per 1 square meter, field germination capacity is 68-73%, plant number before harvesting is 289-320 per 1 square meter, their viability is 82-95%, the coefficient of productive tillering is 1.7-2.1, seed number in the main spike is 19-21. The percentage of agronomical practice influence on yield variability is 58.8-72.0% in years with favorable weather, it is 34.4-37.95 in medium favorable years and it is 27-31.5 % in dry years. The optimal correlation of agronomical practices, promoting the maximum yield is the early sowing date (during 7 days after soil is workable), the seeding rate of 4.5-6.5 millions of germinable seeds per 1 ha and the application rate of main fertilizer (in reactants of N, P, K) of 40 kg per 1 ha (for low-protein grain yields). The mentioned practices are the follow for high-protein grain yields: the seeding rate is 3.5-4.5 millions of seeds and the application rate is 80 kg per 1 ha. If these practices are realized in the early sowing date, grain forms with the follow characteristics: weight by volume is 0.67 kg per 1 liter, weight of 1000 seeds is up to 0.045-0.046 kg, germination power is up to 90% and germination capacity is 95%. It is found out technological grain qualities of malting barley are influenced mainly by sowing date. The optimal variant of barley harvesting is considered to be the one of mowing when 65-85% of grain in plantations are in the stage of wax and complete ripeness.
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