[Distant hybridization of pepper in heterosis and adaptivity breeding in the conditions of the Central Region of Russia]
2009
Bukharova, A.R.
The experiments were held in the Voronezh and Moscow Regions. Reproductive relations of 4 pepper species (Capsicum annuum, C. conicum, C. angulosum, C. pubescens) were studied at the system of cycled diallel crossings. The start material was selected by early maturation, productivity, resistance to virus diseases, availability to mechanical harvesting and long-term storage. Incompatibility came out at the level of pollen-stigma interactions at interspecific hybridization. A high rate of incompatibility was noted for C. pubescens with the other species. Positive results were received at the hybridization of C. annuum, C. conicum and C. angulosum only when the last was used as a mother plant. Incompatibility visualized at the postzygotic level and it expressed in elimination of a part of the hybrid embryos and low seed viability. Low levels of fertility (11.2%) and breeding performance (1.7 seed per 1 fruit) were characterized for the hybrids between C. angulosum и C. annuum. Fertility and breeding performance of the hybrids between C. conicum и C. annuum was high (91.5%) and it provided seed generation. Selection forms were assigned which had a bouquet property, hanging fruits, easy separating from fruitstems, had a high solids content and other properties. Outdoor growing conditions of the Moscow Region could be considered as an useful background for productivity selection and the ones of the Voronezh Region for early maturing period, large-sized fruit, fruit wall thickness, fruit number per plant selection. New early varieties Zukhra, Bigtash, Purpurnye Kolokola, Spartak, Pleyady, Kupidon were recommended for production of marketable pepper fruits at outdoor growing and at growing in nonheated film greenhouses. The varieties had high productivity, maturing vigor, were available for a single harvesting at the biological maturing stage.
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