[Breeding acceleration is a base for horticulture development]
2008
Artyukh, S.N., North-Caucasian Zonal Research and Development Inst. of Horticulture and Viticulture, Krasnodar (Russian Federation)
An express diagnostic method is developed for detection agronomic characteristic (AC) donors and resources, which can significantly accelerate breeding work. The methods of correlation, regression, factor, dispersion and cluster analysis are used in the work. Forty apple varieties, clones and hybrids of mutation and clone breeding, commercial varieties (donors of the search AC) have served as test objects. Thirty-year data of some AC inheritance (winter and frost resistance, resistance to drought and heat, yield performance, early maturation period, a compact habitus) by a number of the varieties allow to compare forecasts received by traditional methods and the express method. High-yield varieties with good yield permanence (YP) are needed for production profitability. Yield differences are established by the method of 1 factor dispersion analysis during the 3 last years of fruiting. YP components are differences between samples in the 1 and the 2 year of fruiting, in the 2 and 3, in the 1 and 3 ones and yield dispersions of the 3 successive years of fruiting. Linear combinations of 4 YP parameters are calculated by the method of principal components, and then the cluster analysis is done according their meanings for variety grouping by YP. A so-called fictitious variant is included in a selection to choose the varieties with the maximum YP; this variant has the maximum meanings of 3 yield differences and yield dispersion. As far a real variety stands out from the fictitious variant, as it more permanent by years of fruiting and more prospect for the breeding. The suggested method allows reducing time (up to 50 years) and financing (up to 30 million of rubles) costs for breeding research holding. The follow apple varieties are recommended for breeding Alenushkino, Vadimovka, Pamyat Esaulu, Briz, Kuban Spur, Persikovoe; including for winter maturation: Delicious Maria, Zolotaya korona; the elites Osennee Utro, Schit, Meteor
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