Relation between time to heading and date of maturity of winter common wheat varieties - Triticum aestivum L.
2009
Tsenov, N., Dobrudzha Agricultural Institute, General Toshevo (Bulgaria)
The changed duration of the time to heading and maturity is an important element of the wheats adaptability to specific production conditions. The question whether a variety early by its heading date remains early by its maturation date is a significant one, but the data on this problem is rather limited. Therefore the aim of this investigation was to find out if there is any specificity between the varieties by their response to the environment with regard to heading date and maturation date and if there is any relation between these periods in the common wheat varieties different by their earliness. After preliminary observations in the trial field of DAI, General Toshevo, ten early and ten late wheat varieties and lines were selected and analyzed. The dates to heading and physiological maturity were studied. They were identified visually at stage 55 and 94, respectively, by the scale for wheat growth and developments during 2004 - 2009. The genotype, the year conditions and the sum of temperatures - GDD interacted significantly with the dates of the two traits and therefore affected their variation. The heading date varied in a similar way in positive or negative direction in both variety groups. The correlations between the dates to heading and maturity were high and significant regardless of the variety group - r=0.858, r=0.755, respectively. The period between heading and physiological maturity - grain filling varied according to the temperatures of the respective year. The date to heading can on the whole be used as a criterion for distinguishing wheat varieties by their growing period durability. The time from heading to grain maturity was clearly less affected than the time to heading and depended mostly on the genotype.
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