Повышение агроэкономической эффективности возделывания томатов на минеральных субстратах в малообъемной культуре
2008
Bogdevich, I.M., National Academy of Sciences. Scientific and Practical Center for Arable Farming (Belarus). Institute for Soil Science and Agrochemistry | Veremejchik, L.A., Belarus State Agrarian Technical Univ., Minsk (Belarus)
The purpose of study was adaptation of system of mineral food of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) to qualities of native substrates and to work up the effective method of tomato cultivation in low-volume crop. Chemical composition was determined in plant examples — total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium. Analyzes of chemical composition, agrophysical qualities and content of moving forms of macro elements were made in substrates. Long application of mineral substrates in growing house as a soil substituted has promoted the great changes of their chemical composition, their agrophysical and biological qualities, it needed controlling of providing of plants by food elements. Content of moving phosphates increased in 5-9 times in primarily passive sudstrates during 5 years, quantity of moving potassium increased in 2,5-14,5 times, it revealed that, it was necessary to make per year correcting of content of food element. Clay pellets modification with entering of clay provided increasing of water capacity of substrate up to 4,2%. The food elements and organic matter accumulated in modified clay pellets in comparison with application of clear clay pellets, it could lower a norm of wetting from 100 till 75 ml of solution to a plant in day and increase tomato productivity up to 16,7%. Differentiate system of tomato food based on mineral substrates by changing of wetting norms and correcting of content of food solution based on methods of plant diagnostics of tomato (visual, morpho-biometric and chemical) depending on the type of mineral substrate was presented. Rate of nitrogen lowed on 10%, phosphates — on 10-15%, potassium — 35-40% in the content of food solution in fruiting season. Application of clay pellets and perlit as the modified substrates was the most profitable. It provided year profit 42,7 and 39,7 thousand dollars from a hectare of growing houses. It exceeded in two times mineral cotton, using as a substrate.
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