Comparison and principal component analysis of relative contents of muscle fatty acids among five Chinese local chicken breeds | 5个地方鸡种肌肉脂肪酸相对含量比较及主成分分析

chinois. 以5个地方鸡品种（白耳鸡、狼山鸡、萧山鸡、北京油鸡、泰和乌骨鸡）为研究对象，比较13项肌肉脂肪酸组成指标的相对含量在品种间的差异，并对13项脂肪酸组成指标进行因子分析和系统聚类分析．结果表明：泰和乌骨鸡和狼山鸡的饱和脂肪酸相对含量最高（分别为44．96％和43．26％），均与白耳鸡的饱和脂肪酸相对含量之间存在显著差异（P〈0．05）．白耳鸡的不饱和脂肪酸相对含量最高（63．99％），与泰和乌骨鸡、狼山鸡的不饱和脂肪酸相对含量之间存在显著差异（P＜0．05）．白耳鸡的必需脂肪酸相对含量最高（6．76％），且与狼山鸡（3．84％）、泰和乌骨鸡（4．17％）相对含量间存在显著差异（P＜0．05），但与萧山鸡（5．98％）、北京油鸡相对含量（6．72％）之间差异不显著（P〉0．05）．主成分分析获得的前3个主成分可以解释全部变异的94．865％，其中第1、2、3主成分分别解释总变异的58．632％、22．479％和13．754%．基于主成分值的UPGMA聚类图和3-D聚类图，将5个地方鸡种聚为3大类，萧山鸡、狼山鸡和北京油鸡聚为一类，白耳鸡、泰和乌骨鸡分别形成独立分支．[著者文摘]

anglais. In this study, the relative content of thirteen fatty acids from five Chinese local chicken breeds including BAI, LAN, XIS,YOU and TAI was analysed and compared. The results showed that TAI chicken breeds had the highest relative contents of saturated fatty acids （44. 96 %）, the following were LAN （43.26 %） ,YOU （38. 98 %） ,XIS （38.56 %） and BAI （34.40 %）. BAI chicken breeds had the highest relative contents of unsaturated fatty acids （63. 99 %）, the following were YOU （59. 76 %）, XIS （59.45 %） ,LAN （55.34 %） and TAI （54.43 %）. BAI chicken breeds had the highest relative contents of essential fatty acids （6. 76 %）,which was significantly different（P〈0. 05）compared with LAN （3. 84 %） and TAI （4. 17 %） ,but had no difference with that of XIS and YOU. The first three principal components obtained by factor analysis could account for 94. 865 % of all variations,and the percents were 58. 632 %, 22. 479 % and 13. 754 %, respectively. The UPGMA dendrograms based on principal component values divided the five chicken breeds into three clusters, XIS, LAN and YOU were in one branch, BAI and TAI were in independent branches. The results of 3-D dendiograms were basically consistent with that of UPG-MA dendrograms. These reflected the difference and advantage of muscle fatty acids property in five indigenous chicken breeds.