Air pollution effects on microsporogenesis, pollen development and pollen soluble in Spartium junceum L. (Fabaceae)
2004
Majd, A., Department of Biology, Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran | Rezanejad, F., Department of Biology, Shahid Bahounar university, Kerman, Iran | Moein, M., Tehran university. | Amin Zadeh, M., Red Crescent Organization, Tehran, Iran | Shariatzadeh, S. M. A., Department of Biology, Arak University, Arak, Iran
Abnormality of anther, the pollen number reduction and male sterility were stimulated under air pollution. Anther of Spartium junceum at different stages of development were collected from control (less polluted) and polluted areas (mainly SO, NO2, CO, HC, and Airborn Particulte Material, AAPM). Then structure of anther, walls and pollen were studied and compared. Groups of control pollen were exposed to Tehran polluted air at 10 and 20 days. Under polluted air, the anthers became abnormal and shrinked. The tapetum layer had a premature growth in pollen mother cell stage and a premature digestion at the tetrad stage. In some anther, pollen were fewer, smaller, shrinked and deformed compared to control. Exposure to gaseous pollutants caused collapse and thining of the exine surface. Agglomereion of polluted particles on to pellen surface under humodity condition induced cellular material release. Protein content and SDS-PAGE patterns in polluted pollen did not show significant difference compared to control ones. Cytoplasmic material release increased in pollen collected of areas pollution. Key words: Air pollution, Anther development, Microsporogenesis, Pollen, Cytoplasmic material release, Soluble proteins, Spartium junceum
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