Effect of soil solarization on control of Fusarim wilt of carnation and some chemical and biological properties and fertility of soil

Soil solarization in warm environmental conditions with sun light bright, is an alternative method for chemical soil disinfection. Effects of soil solarization, by clear plastic mulching (25-30 ƒتm thickness) of moist soil and solar heating on Fusarium vascular wilt and root rot of carnation, weeds, nutrition availability, chemical properties and microbial population in soil and carnation growth were investigated at Mahallat region conditions. Treatments included: T1)Soil solarization for 4 weeks, T2)Soil solarization for 6 weeks, T3)Soil solarization for 6 weeks + metham sodium (3.75 gr/m2), T4)Soil solarization for 6 weeks + fresh cattel manure(4 kg/m2), T5)Metham sodium(7.5 gr/m2), T6) Fresh cattel manure(4 kg/m2), T7)Moist soil, T8)Control, in randomized complete block design with 3 replication. Each plot was 3پ~3 m. The treatments were applied during June through July. Soil samples were analyzed for estimation of Fusarium oxysporum and F. equiseti propagules density and determining biological, chemical properties and fertility of soil were carried out before and after treatments. Carnation was planted in May next year. Results showed that in T4 compared with the control Caused: a) Reducing of fusarium propaguls density as well as total population of fungi in soil that was related to each other (r = 0.79, P 0.01). Increased total bacterial population in soil but was not effective by clear plastic mulching (T6 ). Chemical soil disinfection (T5 and T3 ) significantly reduced fusarium propagules density immediately after applying treatments compared with the control, b)Increasing soil organic carbon, salinity and availability of N, P, K, Mn and decreased Fe availability immediately after applying treatment, but had not any effects on pH, and availability of B, Zn and Cu compared with the control, c)Loss percentage of plant and weeds populations were less than the control(P0.05), respectively with 54.87 and 46.67 percent and number of flower in plant was more than the control(P0.05), with 45.35%. d) After carnation harvest, total N, P, K and Mn availability and organic carbon increased 83.15, 100, 88.32, 91.87 and 14.19 percent respectively compared with the control(P0.05). e)N, P, K, Zn, B and Fe uptake (in carnation) increased (P0.05). According to the results of this experiment soil solarization for 6 weeks with adding fresh cattel manure(4 kg/m2) and using clear plastic mulching of moist soil (T4) is the most efficient treatment, that not only reduced fusarium propagules density, loss percentage of plant and weed population, but also increased total microbial population of fungi in soil, number of flower, nutrients uptake in carnation, nutrients in soil fertility and residual effects for later crop after harvesting.