Understanding and utilization of genotype-by-environment interaction in maize breeding
2010
Babic, V., Maize Research Institute Zemun Polje, Belgrade - Zemun (Serbia) | Babic, M., Maize Research Institute Zemun Polje, Belgrade - Zemun (Serbia) | Ivanovic, M., Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad (Serbia) | Kraljevic-Balalic, M., University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad (Serbia). Faculty of Agriculture | Dimitrijevic, M., University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad (Serbia). Faculty of Agriculture
Fifty maize hybrids were analysed in 24 environments. As the interaction participates in the total sum of squares with 6%, and genotypes with 2%, the interaction deserves observations more detailed than the classical analysis of variance (ANOVA) provides it. With a view of observe the interaction effect in detail in order to prove better understanding of genotypes, environments, and their interactions AMMI (Additive Main Effect and Multiplicative Interaction) and the cluster analysis were applied. The portion of the interaction into the principal components by the PCA analysis (Principal Components Analysis) revealed a part of systematic variations in the interaction. These variations are attributed to the length of the growing season in genotypes and to the precipitation sum during the growing season in environments. Results of grouping by the cluster analysis are in high accordance with grouping observed in the biplot of the AMMI1 model.
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