[Biological activity of chernozem leached, contaminated with combustion products of associated oil gas and possibility to recover it by phytoremediation]
2009
Kireeva, N.A. | Novoselova, E.I. | Shamaeva, A.A. | Grigoriadi, A.S., Bashkir State Univ., Ufa (Russian Fedeartion)
Sample collection was done at a distance of 5, 50, 100, 150 and 200 m from oil gas chimney fire. The control was soil collected outside the sanitary protection flare zone 500 m apart it. The soil contamination of the flare emissions lasted over 20 years. The maximum concentration of hydrocarbons in chernozem was found at a distance of 50-150 m. The highest population of hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria and fungi was observed 5-50 m apart the flare. The increased concentration of hydrocarbon in soil stimulated the activity of soil lipase with its maximum 50 and 100 m apart to the east and north of the flare and 5 m apart to the south and west of the flare. The activity of lipase increased as the sample collection depth grew. Increasing the population of hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms in soil promoted high activity of catalase proving the intensive process of hydrocarbon decomposition. The soil contaminated with flare combustion products demonstrated phytotoxicity. The most phytotoxicity was observed in sola samples with high content of bacteria and micromycetes. Plant screening which are potential phytoremediants has shown that the best of them is awnless brome (AB) promoting accelerating the process of destroying oil hydrocarbon in soils. For one vegetation period the content of residual hydrocarbons in the rhizosphere of AB decreased by 91.1-98.2% with no regard to their starting concentration. It is concluded that due to developed root system and high soil-swarding ability AB is a promising phytoremediant as it promotes accelerating the destruction of oil hydrocarbons by increasing the population and activity of hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms, reducing the soil phytotoxicity and benzapyrene accumulation.
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