[Agronomic and biological aspects for implementation of symbiotic potential of grain legumes at foothills in the North Caucasus]
2009
Khamokov, Kh.A.
The main factors of the steppe (SZ) and foothill zones (FZ) of the North Caucasus are found out, which determine a complete potential and productivity of grain legume symbiotic activity. Pea, vetch and soya crops are tested on common (in the SZ) and leached chernozems (in the FZ) during 10 years from 1996. In the FZ a number of beans and seeds of any grain legume plant is raised by 8-10% than the one in the SZ, because soil water amount is more favorable for symbiotic activity. Photosynthetic activity parameters are higher by 2000-4000 square m/ha at seed inoculation and they are higher by 8-12% in the FZ than in the SZ. In the years when soil water content is 60-80% of minimum water capacity the follow parameters are higher by 10-12%: a number and weight of seeds of a plant, weight of a thousand of seeds. Enough soil availability by phosphorus (up to 18 milli gram/kg) contributes forming of a big number of active nodules. Seed inoculation by Rizotorfin and phosphorus fertilizers applying at a dose of 60 and 90 kg P/ha increase seed yield by 400-500 kg/ha, protein content in seeds by 1.5% and a percentage of biological nitrogen in 1.4 times. So, favorable conditions for legume and nodule bacteria symbiosis allow to receive stable pea and vetch yields up to 2500-3100 and soya yields up to 2000-2200 kg/ha. Profitability of legume growing can be raised up to 125-127%.
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