Горох, люпин, вика, бобы: оценка и использование в кормлении сельскохозяйственных животных
2009
Kosolapov, V.M. | Fitsev, A.I. | Gaganov, A.P. | Mamaeva, M.V.
Chemical composition of pea grain of different varieties is studied. The follow varieties have the most valuable protein: Az-26 (73.3%), Batrak (73.1%), Us-89-841 (71.6%), Az-23 (69.9%), Orlovchanin (68.1%). Pea carbohydrates are mainly starch (20-50%), sugars (4-10%) and cellulose. The last contains in the amount of nearly 7.5% and it is more digestible in compare with the one of cereals. Pea proteinase inhibitors are a reason to limit the crop in feeding. The follow methods are recommended to increase pea feed value: breeding by protein quality and different treatment before feeding (thermal one, cutting, extruding, granulation, autoclaving, bruising, electrothermal one). Lupinus angustifolia is found to be used more frequently than other lupine species. Protein content is 28.19-34.72%. Limiting amino acids in lupine grain are methionine, valine and tryptophan. Lupine contains alkaloids of different toxicity. To decrease their content it is possible by breeding of new varieties, cultivation practices and processing. Lupine grain contains 12.0-15.35% cellulose, therefore it is included in rations for poultry. Vetch can be used in combine with cereals for feeding. The follow rates are recommended for compound feeds, %: cows -15, calves-20, 2-4 month pigs – 10, fattening swine- 15, breeding sows-20, broiler chickens – 15, poultry -20. The same for feed beans are: cows -20%, calves- 10%, piglets -10%, laying hens and chickens- 15%.
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