Effect of no-till and conventional soil tillage and mulching on physical soil propreties and aboveground biomass production | Vplyv bezorbového a konvenčného obrábania pôdy a nastielania pôdy na jej fyzikálne vlastnosti a produkciu nadzemnej fytomasy
2009
Kováč, K., Nadácia na ochranu biodiverzity, n.o., Nitra (Slovak Republic) | Lehocká, Z., Centrum výskumu rastlinnej výroby, Piešťany (Slovak Republic) | Žák, Š., Centrum výskumu rastlinnej výroby, Piešťany (Slovak Republic) | Macák, M., Slovenská poľnohospodárska univ. v Nitre (Slovak Republic). Fakulta agrobiológie a potravinových zdrojov
Different soil conditions demand a site-specific management for the effective use of inputs, mainly fertilizers. Tillage systems modify some of the physical properties such as soil bulk density (SBD) and porosity and also have an indirect effect on soil water storage which is the crucial limiting factor in dry land cropping system. SBD is a useful parameter of soil for soil responses to crop and field traffic and is the most frequently soil quality parameter measured in tillage experiments. Biomass and grain yields depend on a complex of interactions among spatial physical and chemical soil properties. A long term field experiment was carrying out at the experimental station of the Research Institute of Plant Production in Piešťany. The main soil type is a Luvi-Haplic Chernozem on carbonate loess with loamy to clay-loamy texture with medium humus content of 2.18%. The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of different management agricultural systems on physical soil properties and biomass production. This paper presents the results of four crop rotation of spring barley, common peas, winter wheat and maize for grain growing under no-till (IS) and conventional tillage (KS) system in the years 1998-2005. There was negative significant relation between the depth of over soil freezing and soil bulk density. SBD in the IS was lower in average by 3.54% in comparison with KS. Biomass production was significantly lower by 10.2% in the IS with comparison to KS. Maize for grain reached greater biomass production amounting 19.52 t per ha in the KS and 18.76 t per ha in the IS and winter wheat 11.9 t per ha in the KS and 12.18 t per ha in the IS. Yield of grain and aboveground biomass was more dependent on soil moisture supply and rainfall during vegetation period than on reduced soil bulk density.
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