Heavy metal pollution level in the Central Zemplín region in mixtures of grass species | Úroveň znečistenia regiónu Stredný Zemplín ťažkými kovmi prostredníctvom vybranej zmesi druhov tráv
2009
Hecl, J., Plant Production Research Center, Michalovce (Slovak Republic). Agroecology Research Institute | Danielovič, I., Plant Production Research Center, Michalovce (Slovak Republic). Agroecology Research Institute
The possibilities of the use of grass species mixtures as bioindicator were tested in ten localities of the East Slovakia, preferably the areas with long-lasting heavy metals contamination in all components of the environment in the years 2004-2006. Soil and plant samples were taken simultaneously once a year at the end of June. Sampling sites included the marginal parts of fields as well as waste soils. Plant samples were taken from above-ground plant parts. The average sample consisted from following grasses: Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. et. Schult., Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv., Lolium perenne L., Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv, Poa annua L. The content of heavy metals in soils (analyzed by 2M HNO3 extract) was from the point of view of its transport into grasses not hazardous. The only exception was the locality Petrovce upon Laborec. Apart from the contents of Cr, when the concentration was in 85% of the samples of grasses higher than permitted by the norm, the contents of the other heavy metals were not higher than maximum permissible quantity for forage crops. Correlation relations between the contents of heavy metals in grasses and in the soils were not statistically significant. The soil reaction correlated with the changes of Cu content in the grasses. The content of Cu decreased with the increased soil reaction. The locality was a dominant reason of variability of measured data of heavy metals in relation to a plant. The achieved results demonstrate the possibility of utilization of the mixture of grasses as a bioindicator for the measurement of environmental contamination only in the case of chromium; however, the grass species mixtures did not show their suitability for biomonitoring of other heavy metals.
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