Biology and demography of Glyphodes pyloalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on mulberry
2010
Khosravi, Roya, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran | Sendi, Jalal Jalali, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
Lesser mulberry pyralid, Glyphodes pyloalis Walker, is a monophagous pest of mulberry and has recently been reported in northern Iran. The biology and life table of this pest were studied in controlled conditions (24±1℃, 75±5% RH and 16:8 LD). Mortality rate, metamorphosis, appearance of adult insects and adult sex ratio were recorded daily. Data were analyzed based on an age-stage, two-sex life table. Developmental rate among individuals and between sexes were also considered. The developmental periods for the egg, first through fifth instar larvae, prepupae and pupae were 4.06±0.03, 2.93±0.03, 2.03±0.02, 2.01±0.01, 2.10±0.03, 4.09±0.03, 2.04±0.02 and 9.7±0.09 days, respectively. The mean total developmental period from egg to adult was 35.40±0.37 days. The maximum adult longevity was 7 and 11 days for males and females, respectively. The pre-oviposition period lasted 2.14 ± 0.04 days. Laboratory observation showed that adults are nocturnal and female lay eggs at night. The intrinsic rate of increase (r∧m) and the finite rate of increase (λ) were 0.14±0.005 d-¹ and 1.15±0.01 d-¹. The net reproductive rate (R∧0), gross reproductive rate (GRR) and mean generation time (T) were 134.67±20.6 female offspring, 294.71±4.07 eggs/female and 34.44±0.2 days, respectively. Life expectancy of freshly laid egg was 32.15 days.
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