Characteristic of housing fund in European countries | Характеристика жилого фонда стран Европейского Союза

anglais. In the publication analyses differences of the housing fund in the countries of European Union and its statistic problems that prevent establishing a unified accounting system in all member states. Historical aspects of the formation of the housing fund in the country and level of its comfort as well as its availability are also described in this publication. Changes of the housing fund are slow in numbers and quality. Although various countries build many thousands of dwellings annually, the new buildings constitute only a few percent of the existing housing fund. The quality of dwellings changes gradually and not all new buildings differ fundamentally from the existing ones. However, the data show that new houses in general have more dwelling space in terms of square meters than the existing dwellings. So from this point of view the quality of dwellings is improving. The aim of this publication is to compare the formation process, scope and accounting of the housing fund in the member states of EU and to examine its improvement and accessibility. The monographic descriptive method has been employed to describe the existing situation and the graphic method as well as the method of analysis and synthesis have been used to compare the data and indicators. The study concludes that each group of countries is characterised by its own division of the housing fund according their level of utilities. These data can be used to estimate the need to support the renovation of dwellings in order to improve living conditions.

russe. В статье анализирована и научно обоснована особенности создания и учëта жилого фонда стран Европейского Союза, отмечаны различие жилого фонда старых стран Европейского Союза и поступивших после 2004 года, в том числе страны Прибалтики. Всесторонне оценен процесс определения единицы жилища, проведен анализ тенденций увеличения объема жилой площади в домах новой застройки и его распределение в разных странах. В статье также анализированы теоретические и практические аспекты повишения благоустроенности жилых домов и также достигнутые результаты. Анализирован средний размер жилой площади на тысяча жителей и практические действия государства стран Европейского Союза в решении проблем малозащищенных слоев населения.