Evaluación de las acciones de restauración ecológica y de los servicios ecosistémicos en ámbitos semiáridos
2011
Derak, M.
Ecological restoration has been one of the most common measures to combat desertification in semiarid areas worldwide. Evaluation of restoration actions, and particularly the evaluation of forestation projects, is a major component of the adaptive management of these areas. This study examines the contribution of forest plantations to the provision of ecosystem services and human welfare in semiarid environments in SE Spain. We have performed a multi-criteria participative analysis using a hierarchical and additive method, where the evaluation matrix includes 15 indicators of ecosystem services and 7 landscape units present in the Ventós area, in S Alicante. Data were gathered from 70 bibliographical references. Weighting ecosystem services and indicators was based on the opinion of 40 local and regional stakeholders belonging to one of 3 groups: researchers, managers and others. We used the program DEFINITE 2.0 to perform these analyses. Stakeholder opinion was similar for the three stakeholder groups differentiated, and showed that the services related to regulation, biodiversity and support were more important that those related to economical and cultural services. According to stakeholder's opinion, most important indicators were soil fertility and erosion control. Forest plantations provided the highest level of services. Alpha grass steppes, shrubland and pastures ensured a level of services below those of pine plantations. Irrigated crops (vineyards) had the lowest positive impact on ecosystem services, and this does not seem to be a suitable alternative for the area. The study recommends a protocol to evaluate restoration actions in desertification-prone landscapes, and identifies lacks in knowledge on the provision of ecosystem services in Mediterranean semiarid landscapes
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