Grain legumes technology transfer in Old Europe - linguistic evidence
2008
Mikić, A., Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad (Serbia) | Ljuština, M., Faculty of Philosophy, Belgrade (Serbia) | Đorđević, V., Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad (Serbia) | Ćupina, B., Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad (Serbia) | Mihailović, V., Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad (Serbia) | Vasiljević, S., Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad (Serbia)
The European continent may be regarded as rather linguistically rich, at least three hundred living and extinct languages. The most abundant linguistic family of Europe is Indo-European, followed by Uralic, with its Finno-Ugric branch. Majority of annual legumes, that are traditionally cultivated in Europe, originate from the Central Asian, Mediterranean and Near Eastern centers of diversity. In addition to the botanical evidence, archaeology places pea (Pisum sativum), bitter vetch (vicia ervilia), chickpea (Cicer arietium) and lentil (Lens culinaris) among the first domesticated plants in the entire Old World. The Proto-Indo-European languages was rich in the roots that gave origin to the words denoting grain legumes in its modern descendants, such as bhabh-denoting faba bean, erəg-denoting a kernel of leguminous plant, g΄r(a)n-denoting grain, ghArs-denoting a leguminous plant, kek-denoting pea, lent-denoting lentil, pis-meaning to thresh and weik-meaning to avoid. Many of these words were transferred along with crops to the peoples belonging to other linguistic families such as Uralic. Another testimony of how old crops grain legumes are may be found in the Caucasus region, where several linguistic families have been existing next to each other for millennia and where each of them have its own terms denoting grain legumes.
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