Composting and its role in increasing of soil fertility and preservation of biodiversity | Улога компостирања у повећању плодности земљишта и очувању биодиверзитета
2010
Јовановић, Л., Универзитет ЕДУКОНС, Сремска Каменица (Serbia) | Јордачијевић, С., Топлички округ, Прокупље (Serbia) | Радосављевић, Ж., Факултет за образовање дипломираних правника и дипломираних економиста за руководеће кадрове, Нови Сад (Serbia) | Анђелковић, М., Факултет за образовање дипломираних правника и дипломираних економиста за руководеће кадрове, Нови Сад (Serbia)
Biodecomposition or composting has great prospects for the processing of organic components of waste. Processing one ton of organic components of waste can provide 500 cubic meter of biogas, which contains up to 70% of methane and carbon dioxide with heat capacity up to 24,000 kJ/cubic meter. The presence of bacteria and other biotic components is very important. Bacteria significantly exceeded the other groups of microorganisms in the quantity and variety. Bacteria carry out nitrogen fixation process, the transformation of phosphorus, sulfur, iron and other elements important for biological activity and soil fertility. A significant part of solid municipal waste consists of food remains. They have a large density and moisture (70-92%). Studies have shown that biothermic processes in solid waste fraction actively carried out when the moisture is lower than 70%. If the moisture is higher, biothermic processes are low intensity, since humidity prevents aeration. Biodecomposition of waste can be implemented in the cities of medium size and in rural areas, especially in small farms and in greenhouses. Implementation of biodecomposition technologies enables the solution of communal waste problem. The advantage of proposed is environmental cleanness, as its final products are active clay (fertilizer), biogas (fuel) and water, which can be used in industry and households. Method of biodecomposition is widely used in the economic practices of many countries for the production of energy and highquality organic fertilizer, as well as reduction of landfill surfaces and biodiversity protection.
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