Utilization possibilities of forest cut regulation methods for age structures control | Možnosti využitia metód úpravy lesa na reguláciu vekových štruktúr

At present is dividing of the large parts of forest to smaller parts, under the thumb of the owners and users of forests. There is tendency to conservation in the balance of cutting, in the smaller units, too. Dissertation deals application of methods of logging adaptation in the age structures and addition generation of categorization of the age structures, which will be very similar reacting in conditions of forest management. The thesis is used two kinds of evaluation data. The first one are a model age structures and the second one are real forest user units acquired from the forest management plans on all over the Slovakia were worked out by Lesoprojekt within a years from 2004 to 2013. The basic file was comprised of 104 forest user units with all types of the areas (small, middle and large), was including the production forests, the protection forests and the forests with a special designation, than coppice forests and high forests come from Slovak region, which were the representation in the 1st-10th age class by the view and compare it with the model of age structures which are worked out for 100 years long rotation period. For every age structure are found out the dependence between the real age structure and the model age structure, which were co-ordinate. By tested of signification of the variation coefficients were these significantly different from zero with 99 % let us say 95 % of reliability. On the basic of these results we could be to confirm the correct form of the categorization. The age structures evaluation are done by indicators of evaluation. It is worked out especially for the real age structures and for the model age structures, too. The values of the variation coefficient are achieved between 84,13 % to 166,08 % in the model age structures. The values of the differences between the variation coefficients during the decennials are moved in the model age structures between 4,13% to 8,58 %. In the real age structures was the values between 67,84% to 154,66%. The differences between the variation coefficients are achieved in the largest interval O,15 %-41,03 % in the real age structures. In selected age structures are checked out their suitability for fluency progress of the values of the indicator of cutting in the decades during rotation period. The indicator is achieved in the model age structures values between 0,02 % to 64,88 %. In the real age structures are situated the values of indicators of cutting from 0,30%-121,52 %, so it is doubly larger interval. By increasing of the differences between the real age class distribution and the model age class distribution is increased variability between indicators of cutting and decades, too. The fluency of elevation cutting in the age structures is achieved with using the indicators of cutting which are calculated by the method of mathematicai models, whereby there is a flattening the evaluation of cutting. From the base of the model age structures are defined the degrees of approximation in the normal age structure and in the real age structure, too. In that kind are worked out categories, which are allowed unification of results. Within the framework of the model age structures were defined as very important that representation of last age classes (9th and 10th age class) with specified regeneration and rotation period. In the first till tree degrees of the approximation are the age structure balanced under the thumb of the indicator of cutting which are calculated by the method of mathematical models. The values of the variation coefficient are descended between the decades and the variability are reduced and the age structure is balanced. Very similar process is achieved in the values of indexes with increase character from decade to decade. The equalized value s of the indicator of cutting had decreasing course with achievement of fluency and balance of the elevation cutting. In the higher degree of the approximation is achieved cumulated by the values of variation coefficient. In the fourth and the fifth degree of approximation the variability is increased and in the variation coefficient is proved fake the balanced of the age structures by use the indicators of cutting which are calculated by the method of mathematical models. The opposite results are achieved in the indexes, with their values are recorded increase and are balanced of the age structures in these degrees are confirmed. The balanced values of the indicator of cutting calculated by the method of mathematical models are moved decreasing of tendency. The higher of degree of approximation is increased the number of age classes, different of the normal distribution and the difference between the real age class distribution and the model age class distribution. This results deals, if age class was in the degree of approximation number one, so this age class distribution is belong to the most equalize. When the zero area of the age class was absent, the values of indexes (index of coincidence and index of approximation) are moved in degree of approximation number five and that is the least of equalize, in the top part of interval. The obtained results are very important for finding the situation in the real age class structures and their expected of the progress during the rotation period in such a way that the balance of the age structure and fluency of the proposition of cutting in the individual decades.