[Preservation of the moist grain maize] | Konzervovanie vlhkého zrna kukurice

Ensiled high moisture crimped corn is an important conserved feed in livestock nutrition, mainly in ruminants nutrition. In the study we observed the influence of different biological, combined and chemical silage additives application on nutrient contents, hygienic quality and the result of fermentation process of ensiled crimped high moisture corn. In experiment 1 we tested six silage additives with different active units (variants A, B: microbiological additives, C: combined biochemical additives, D: chemical additives on the organic and inorganic salts base, E, F: chemical additives on the organic acids base). After analytical analysis and statistic evaluation we found these results: 1. All of silage additives application positive affected crude fibre content in conserved feeds, differences were significantly (P less than 0.05). 2. Without variant F silages, we found higher nitrogen free extract content after the additives application, significantly differences in C variant (P less than 0.05). 3. In the starch content, after the additives application we found higher contents (more than 7.9 till 18.8 g per kg of dry matter), significantly differences in variants A, C, E (P less than 0.05). 4. After the silage additives application we found significantly higher (P less than 0.05) content of total sugars. 5. In fermentation acids content of experimental variants we found lower content of lactic acid, variants A and D except lower content of acetic acid (significantly in variants C, E, F). In the undesirable butyric acid content we found after the additives application lower content in variants A, D, F. 6. We found lower content of ammonia in variants with silage additives addition, differences were not significantly (P less than 0.05). In experiment 2 we analysed the influence of biochemical silage additives (active units: Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactococcus lactis, Enterococcus faecium, Pediococcus pentosaceus, cellulases, hemicellulases, natrium formate), and chemical additives (active units: calcium propionate, natrium benzoate, natrium nitrate) on the high moisture crimped corn silages quality. We detected these results: 1. Application of biochemical additves positive increased lactic acid content, this effect affected pH value also, but without significance of differences. 2. Chemicai additives inhibited lactic acid production. 3. During aerobic stability observation (aerobic exposition 48 hours) contain corn grain with biochemical additives application significantly (P less then 0.05) the highest lactic acid content. 4. Value of pH after 48 hours from silage units opening increased in 0.05 in corn without silage additives application, decreased in 0.11 in corn with biochemical additives addition, and was the same after the chemical additives application. 5. In variant with additives application we detected higher nitrogen free extract content, differences were insignificant (P more then 0.05). 6. Chemical additives application significantly (P more then 0.05) decreased total sugars losses. 7. Silage additives eliminated energy losses during the aerobic exposition. 8. After 4 months of storage we found in high moisture crimped corn silages the highest deoxynivalenol and T-2 toxin concentrations. 9. In maize corn with chemical additives addition we detected significantly (P less then 0.05) the lowest concentrations of ochratoxins, and in maize corn with biochemical additives application significantly (P less then 0.05) the lowest total aflatoxins concentrations. 10. After the 48 hours of aerobic exposition we found positive effect of additives application. Maize corn with biochemical additives addition contain significantly (P less then 0.05) lower T-2 toxin, total aflatoxins, and fumonisins concentrations, maize corn with chemical additives application contain significantly (P lees then 0.05) lower zearalenone concentration. 11. The most positive results of the fermentation process, aerobic stability and hygienic quality we found after biochemical silage additives application. 7. Except of B variant, we found after additives application significantly differences in pH value, which was from 3.70 to 3.92. 8. Conserved high moisture crimped corn energy value, net energy of lactation (NEL) and net energy of gain (NEV), content of the protein digestible in the intestine (PDIN, PDIE) were not significantly affected after the silage additives application. 9. The lowest concentration of fumonisins, T-2 toxin and ochratoxin, and second the lowest concentration of zearalenone, deoxivalenol and aflatoxins we found in silages of variant D (active units: calcium formate, natrium benzoate and natrium nitrate). In this variant we found the best tested mycotoxins results. 10. The most positive nutritive value results in high moisture corn conservation we detected in silages with combined biochemical silage additives application. The most positive hygienic quality results in high moisture corn conservation we found in silages of variant with chemical silage additives application (active units: organic acids salts and natrium nitrate, variant D).