Application of TOPSIS method in dynamic evaluation of regional ecological security:A case study of Shaanxi Province | TOPSIS法在区域生态安全动态评价中的应用:以陕西省为例

chinois. 研究陕西省的生态安全动态变化,为区域社会经济的可持续发展提供科学依据。以陕西省为研究区域，在参考国内外已有研究成果的基础上,借助压力-状态-响应模型（P-S-R模型）框架,构建了该区域生态安全评价指标体系，采用理想解法(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution，TOPSIS法),在时间尺度上(1996C2006年)对陕西省的生态安全进行定量评价。(1)1996C2006年,陕西省生态压力系统安全指数CP值有一定波动，但总体上呈下降趋势，生态负荷加大；状态系统安全指数CS值虽有波动但总体上表现出增长态势，安全状况逐渐好转；响应系统安全指数CR值呈明显的增长趋势，显示陕西省对生态系统的保护能力、保护力度有所增强。(2)陕西省生态安全指数从1996年的0.39增加至2006年的0.60,整体上呈增长趋势，表明生态系统状态由不安全转为较不安全，研究期末(2006年)陕西省的生态安全水平仍处在临界安全边缘。TOPSIS法简单直观,评价结果客观,且符合区域生态安全变化的实际情况，可用于不同区域生态安全的动态评价。

anglais. The research was to study the dynamic changes of regional ecological security of Shaanxi province to provide scientific basis for regional sustainable development. By referring to historical research and related literature, with the Pressure-State-Response (P-S-R) model framework as a basis, a 3-layer conceptual assessment index system of regional ecological security was carried out. Using TOPSIS method, Shaanxi Province was taken as a case study and its ecological security situation from 1996 to 2006 was assessed quantitatively. The result showed that: (1) From 1996 to 2006, pressure index CP of Shaanxi province showed significant fluctuation with an overall decreasing trend and ecological load increasing; state index CS had little volatility with overall growthing trend and gradually improved state security situation; Response index CR increased significantly, which showed a great strength on the ability and efforts of protecting ecosystem in Shaanxi province. (2) The safety index Ci increased continually from 0.39 to 0.60 in 1996C2006 and the ecological security state changed from unsafe to less unsafe, this region is still at critical safety margin at the end of the study. The process of evaluation indicated that the TOPSIS method was very simple and easy for application, and the research results were objective, so the method can be used in dynamic ecological security evaluation of different regions in the future.