Pain in domestic animals and how to assess it: a review
2012
Landa, L., Veterinarni a Farmaceuticka Univ., Brno (Czech Republic). Fakulta Veterinarniho Lekarstvi
In recent years more attention has been paid to the issue of pain in animals, particularly in association with increasing awareness of animal welfare. It is therefore necessary for veterinarians to be able to recognise unambiguously whether an animal suffers from pain or not. Pain in animals is in some aspects more complex than in humans and it can be rather difficult to evaluate the seriousness and impact of painful events. Therefore, we have to recognise the signs of pain according to indirect markers which involve behavioural, physiological and clinical responses. Moreover, the behavioural changes associated with pain can be along with the general signs also species-specific, and hardly recognisable (and for an inexperienced observer seemingly unimportant), which makes pain assessment even more complicated. The current review formulates definitions of pain and its classification. It is focused on methods that may facilitate pain recognition in animals, which is crucial for an effective pain assessment and consequent effective pain management. The review combines recent knowledge with well proven facts concerning pain and furthermore also highlights the author's own research on pain assessment.
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