Impacts of imidacloprid on the efficacy of Encarsia inaron Walker (Hym.: Aphelinidae) on control of Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood (Hom.: Aleyrodidae) under greenhouse conditions
2010
Hoseini, S. A. | Pourmirza, A. A.
Parasitoid and chemical insecticide are two important factors in the control programs of Trialeurodes vaporariorum under greenhouse conditions. In spite of the conspicuous use of the insecticides as a control agent, there is a relative dearth of empirical studies that provide a quantitative analysis of the impact of simultaneous use of biological control and chemical insecticides on suppression of whitefly populations. This study attempts to fill this gap by identifying and estimating the impact of both control agents on the control of greenhouse whitefly. Recently, Imidacloprid prevalently is used in the control of T. vaporariorum; also Encarsia inaron is a well known biological control agent of this insect. At the present study for the first time the efficacy of simultaneous application of imidacloprid and E. inaron in the control of greenhouse whitefly were estimated. The experimental design included two levels (presence and absence) of two factors (parasitoid and insecticide). There were, therefore, four treatments: (1) application of imidacloprid, (2) application of imidacloprid and introduction of E. inaron, (3) introduction of E. inaron, and (4) no application of imidacloprid and no introduction of E. inaron (control). Results show that E. inaron significantly controlled the population of whitefly and application of imidacloprid in junction with E. inaron led to a significant interaction effect in mortality percentage of T. vaporariorum. Simultaneous use of E. inaron and imidacloprid cause 97.2% of mortality. There was no significant difference between treatment of imidacloprid versus performance of E. inaron which was 90.1% and 78.7%, respectively.
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