Investigation of olive cultivars adaptation in different of Iran.

This experiment was conducted to evaluate adaptability different olive (Olea europaea L.) in 6 province of Iran. Kerman shah province with 14 olive cultivars in Dallaho olive research station, Khuzestan with 23 cultivars and genotypes in (Safiabad research Station), Gillan with 17 cultivars in (Aliabad Olive orchards), Zanjan with 14 cultivars in Tarom olive research station, Golestan with 11 cultivar in Genareh olive collection and Fars with 11 cultivars in Kazeron olive research station under a complete block design for 5 years (2004 - 2009). The main Characteristics of vegetative and reproductive were measured on all of cultivars. The data were analyzed with SAS and SPSS and means were compared with Duncan's multiple test. Vegetative and reproductive characteristics had significant differences among cultivars in Dallaho. The characters of inflorescence emergences, Flower numbers per inflorescence, Perfect flower, and fruit set oil percent in fresh matter and flesh to stone ratio were different between cultivars based on years. Result show that fruit weight and flesh to stone ratio, the cultivars of Amygdaloidal, Conservolia and Abou satal were higher and Koroneiki and Arbequina had lower than the others. Oil percent was low in most of the cultivars based on dominant weather condition exception to Amygdaloidal, Roghani and Amphisis Oil percent in mentioned cultivars was 21.3, 18.3, 16.7 based on fresh weight. Fruit yield and fruiting stability was higher for Conservolia and Sevillana. In Gillan province the results showed that Arbequina, Koroneiki, Sevillana, Manzanilla with best yield efficiency are in the first group. The result of oil percentage in fresh weight showed that Roghani, Amphisis and Leccino with high .oil percentage are in a group and Sevillana had low oil percentage The results of fruit set in SP treatment showed that Koroneiki and Roghani varieties with mean of 4.09% and 3.41% respectively were maximum in Genareh in 2005. Also in OP treatment Koroneiki and Leccino with mean of 4.29% and 3.88% respectively had maximum percent of fruit-set .The results of complex analysis about oil percent in dry weight have been showed that the treatment and treatment􀂰year factor were differently significant in 1% levels and Manzanilla with 52.34% have maximum and Sevillana with 34.79% have minimum oil percent in their dry weight. Study of flowering of these cultivars in Khouzestan showed that genotype X-S and Doebli had 20% (lowest) and 100% (highest) of perfect flowers respectively. Results of quantitative traits analysis showed that cultivar had a significant effect on all studied traits for years (2007-08). Results of combined analysis also showed that the effect of year on fruit yield & oil yield/tree was significant (P≤0.05). Considering the yield & size of trees indicated that highest fruit yield was achieved in Conservolia, Abu-Satal and Koroneiki. The genotype of X-S had the highest and Valanolia had the lowest oil content/fresh weight (18.4 & 3.2% respectively). I Tarom the Phenological evaluation of cultivars showed that the two indigenous varieties of "Roghany" and "Zard" cultivars with "Manzanilla" from beginning stages of plant growth to the second stage of fruit enlargement in comparison with other cultivars 2 to 7 days their activities were delayed. Clustering cultivars based on susceptible to cold showed that "Konservalia", "Zard", "Picual" and "Mari" were tolerant to cold, but "Koroneiki", "Mastoids", "Balady" and "Leccino" were susceptible to cold. Clustering evaluated cultivars based on oleic fatty acid percent showed that "Roghani" and "Arbequina" cultivars had fewer than 60 percent acid oleic. "Mari", "Picual", "Mastoids", "Mission" and "Koroneiki" had more than 75 oleic acid percent. Oleic acid percent of "Abou satl", "Zard", "Leccino", "Manzanilla" and "Amygdalolia" varieties came to between 60 to 75 percent.During the five-year evaluations "Konservolia" had the most performance in hectares (4,265 kg). In this evaluation "Koroneiki", "Zard" and "Arbequina" cultivars were after "Konservalia" in second steps. "Arbequina", "Baladi", "Konservalia"," Mari" and "Mastoids" successes the the highest percentage of oil in dry matter respectively. Two cultivars of "Roghani" and "Koroneiki" also had high oil in dry matter. In this assessment "Konservalia" and "Zard" as dual purpose cultivars, "Koroneiki" and "Arbequina" for oily production as promising cultivars were introduced for Tarom region.I region of Kazeron the cultivar of Conservolia had the best yield related to other cultivars. Amygdalolia and Conservolia had significant difference in yield efficiency between cultivars. The maximum oil in dry matter significantly was higher than the other cultivars. The shrinking and shut berry wasn't seen in cultivars. The cultivar Conservolia was relatively resistance to cold and Roghani was sensitive.