The study describes a model developed to delineate primary recharge contributing areas on a large watershed based on the field-measured parameters. The procedure uses measured values of soil water content, bulk density, hydraulic conductivity, and depth to water at 31 locations, to generate kriged overlays of input in a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) framework. The number of locations was a compromise between sampling efficiency and requirements of the geostatistical analysis. Mathematical operations on the overlays are carried out on a pixel-by-pixel basis to predict distributions of water flux from below the root zone, travel time to the groundwater, and recharge flux pulse at the water table. Comparison with field data suggests that flow may occur through only a portion of total pore space. Field application is illustrated on a 123 km2 catchment in Pennsylvania.
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