Crop establishment techniques and cultural practices for upland rice.
1989
De Datta S.K.
Crop establishment techniques, cultural practices, and management intensities vary in different upland rice-growing countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Limited animal and mechanical power, uncertain onset of monsoon seasons, and heavy weed competition cause poor stand establishment. Evidence suggests that moisture conservation and weed control can be improved by practicing dry soil and straw mulch. Seedling of upland rice can be done 30 days from the onset of monsoon season. Although many Asian and African upland rice farmers use little or no fertilizer when growing traditional varieties in drought-prone areas, nitrogen response is high if modern short to medium statute, lodging resistant, moderate to high tillering rices are grown. In most soils split applications of nitrogen at various growth stages give higher yields than single basal application. Nitrogen application rate should be reduced in drought-prone areas. On acid ultisols and oxisols, phosphorus response is high and consistent. Sometimes liming helps increase grain yield. Lime is often applied in acid cerrado areas in Brazil. Potassium response, particularly in light-textured soils, has been recorded and zinc response has been reported in some upland areas. Harvesting and threshing are done manually except in some Latin American countries where large combine are used. The current level of technology suggests that substantial opportunities exist for research in upland rice land preparation, stand establishment, and nutrition.
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