Agronomic aspects of wheat production in Sudan.
1994
Ageeb O.A.A.
Wheat is grown in Sudan under irrigation during the dry and comparatively cool and short growing season, which extends for 100 days from November to February. The crop suffers from a number of abiotic and biotic stresses, which include heat stress, low soil fertility, waterlogging, and aphid infestation. National average wheat yields are low and constitute 40 of potential yields attained in research plots, demonstration farms, and by leading farmers. The low yields are mainly associated with low crop stand, late sowing, inadequate fertilizer use, poor water management, and delayed harvests. Wheat research programs have been progressively developed to seek solutions to production problems, and to verify research findings in farmers' fields. Useful information pertinent to sowing date, crop establishment, seed rate, fertilizer requirements, irrigation needs and weed management were obtained Up to 1988, Sudan imported 75 of its annual local needs estimated at 0.8 to 1.0 million tons. Since then, the Government has launched an ambitious program to reach self-sufficiency in four years through area expansion, application of improved production technologies, and adoption of free-market policies. As a result, total wheat production from 1988 to 1992 has increased by 350 from 234,000 to 839,000 tons, which was considered adequate to satisfy current domestic demand.
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