Pembangunan dan konservasi hutan mangrove di Kabupaten Bangkalan Madura.

anglais. This research is to identify the existing various mangrove ecosystems and potential areas for developing mangrove ecosystem in Bangkalan. This is carried out in relation with the need for providing an integrated management scheme of the mangrove ecosystem. The way by which the intention of this research was pursued are two folds. First, the identification of the biophysics condition is with aerial photo interpretation. Through which, the characteristic of landform and actual land use are identified. The results of such a method are racchecked in the field with transect method. Second, a rapid-rural appraisal is also used to get adequate information on the social-economic base. What was found through the research can be briefly explained as follows. The biophysics condition throughout the area does not match the basic idea of the president's decision (KEPPRES NO 32/1990) except 6.3 percent of 124.2 km of the total length coast. Therefore, the potential areas for developing mangrove ecosystems are : (a) the mangrove forest rehabilitation is on 2,541 ha, (b) the nipah forest rehabilitation is on 156 ha, (c) An enriched of mangrove biodiversity is on 547 ha, (d) Reforestation on green belt with Baringtonia formation is on 344 ha, and (e) Reforestation on green belt of river is on 700 ha. Through the rural-appraisal method it is found there exists serious confusion in the responsible of the mangrove areas between government's institutions themselves as well as between state and society. The other factors that caused the mangrove destruction are : (a) the society control is very low, (b) the extension of mangrove management is very rare and, (c) the people live in coastal area is still dependent on the government subsidies for rehabilitation of mangrove ecosystems.

Identifikasi hutan mangrove dan daerah yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan hutan mangrove dilakukan di daerah Kabupaten Bangkalan. Identifikasi tersebut ditujukan untuk mengetahui tingkat pembangunan dan upaya konservasi hutan mangrove. Metode pengumpulan data biofisik dilakukan dengan analisis foto udara, pengumpulan data sekunder dan survey lapangan secara transek. Untuk memahami kondisi sosial kelembagaan didekati dengan teknik "Pemahaman Pedesaan dalam Waktu Singkat" (PPWS). Hasil penelitian dapat dikemukakan bahwa kondisi biofisik daerah mangrove yang memenuhi syarat KEPPRES No 32/1990 hanya 6,3 persen dari 124,2 km total panjang pantai. Untuk itu daerah pantai Bangkalan masih perlu dilakukan beberapa upaya rehabilitasi pantai. Di kawasan ini perlu dilakukan : (a) rehabilitasi Kawasan Mangrove seluas 2.541 ha, (b) rehabilitasi Kawasan Nipah seluas 156 ha, (c) pengkayaan biodiversitas hutan mangrove dimana saat ini berupa hutan mangrove adalah seluas 457 ha, (d) rehabilitasi kawasan sempadan Pantai dengan formasi Barringtonia seluas 344 ha, (e) rehabilitasi sempadan sungai seluas 700 ha, dan (f) pengkayaan vegetasi mangrove di kawasan tambak seluas 1.599 ha. Kerusakan hutan mangrove di Kabupaten Bangkalan terutama dikarenakan : (1) status dan otoritas penguasaan garis pantai secara yuridis formal kurang jelas, (2) kebutuhan kayu bakar yang kurang diimbangi dengan penanaman kembali, (3) kontrol masyarakat yang rendah terhadap kerusakan kawasan mangrove, (4) penyuluhan manfaat mangrove sangat jarang, (5) pengembangan kawasan pantai masih belum didasarkan pada tata ruang yang berwawasan lingkungan dan fungsi kawasan yang optimal dan (6) masih besarnya ketergantungan masyarakat sekitar pantai terhadap subsidi pemerintah dalam rehabilitasi kawasan mangrove.