Rod Oenothera, zdroj pupalkoveho oleje.
1992
Spitzova I.
In the last years evening primrose happened to be of interest for the pharmaceutical industry as a source of oil and the content of gama-linolenic (GLA) and dihomo-gama-linolenic (DLGA) acids. Mature seeds of evening primrose contain about 20 % oil. The oil is a mixture of triglycerides of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids with 16-20 carbons. It is the only plant oil containing the above-mentioned acids with a minimum content of physiologically undesirable alpha-linoleic acid. GLA content in the oil is about 10 %. It follows from literature data that various species of the genus Oenothera can be source of the oil. The aim of the presented work was to verify some of them from the point of view of oil content and composition as well as growing under Czechoslovak conditions. The model ideotype is an annual plant of upright growth, with length of flower-bearing stalks of 50-120 cm, content of oil and essential acids in seeds as high as possible. Individual species were evaluated in proportion as they corresponded to the conception of the ideal plant. Presupposed source of evening primrose oil in Czechoslovakia is O. biennis of domestic provenance. That is why this species was used as standard. Experiments were conducted in the experimental garden of Prague-Bohnice under climatic conditions of 1991. 10 species of evening primrose were evaluated according to the above-mentioned criteria. As potential oil sources can be taken the species O. paradoxa, P. ammophila, O. parviflora, and with reservation also O. rubricaulis. Oil content in seeds of these species is 20-22 %, GLA content in oil is 11.1-12.2 %, DLGA 1.7-2.7 %.
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