Low quality waters characteristics and upgrading: forthcoming challenges towards unrestricted use
2012
Oron, G., Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Kiyat Sde Boker (Israel). Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Environment Water Resources
The extra sources in water scarce regions include domestic and industrial treated wastewater, urban and open-space run-off water, brackish water and high quality fresh water obtained from sea-water desalination. Domestic-Treated Wastewater (DTW) can be utilized for diverse purposes, primarily for agricultural irrigation (food and alternative energy source from plants) and fort he industry (e. g. cooling), recreation and aquifer recharge. Reuse of DTW, mainly for irrigation, simultaneously enhances solving water shortage along with diminished environmental pollution due to controlled disposal. However, utilizing DTW has disclosed and emphasized new challenges related to the treatment level of the wastewater, public health aspects, and accumulation of contaminants, micro-pollutants and dissolved solids in the soils, in natural water sources and sustainable agriculture production. Better and safer use of DTW is based on implementing nanotechnology treatment methods. Nanotechnology methods allow obtaining high quality effluent for diverse and safe uses with the ultimate goal of getting drinking qualities. Previous experiments reveal the advantages of membrane treatment and maintaining sustainable agriculture production.
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