Sensitivity of water distribution costs to design and service standards : a Philippine case study
Hebert, Paul V. | Yniguez, Cesar | Technical Advisory Group (TAG) | UNDP
This report describes a study undertaken in the Philippines for the Local Water Utilities Administration and the Rural Waterworks Development Corporation to evaluate the impact of changes in design and service standards on the costs of water supply projects in selected small towns and rural areas. The studies suggest that in small urban schemes the greatest cost savings could be achieved by: (a) reducing minimum pipe diameters; (b) limiting per capita use to 140 liters per day; (c) providing a mix of home connections and public faucet service; and (d) neglecting the fire demand provisions, which can be done without serious risk to the community. In rural areas, where only public faucets were installed, the analysis showed that substantial savings ensued from: (i) using polyvinyl chloride pipes in lieu of galvanized iron; and (ii) limiting the per capita use to 40 liters per day. The increase of the number of households per faucet resulted in an increase, rather than a decrease, in distribution costs.
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