Modeling Techniques for Shipboard Manning: A Review and Plan for Development
2007
Lee, John D. | Sanquist, Thomas F.
The issue of shipboard manning scales is a complicated legal, economic and human factors engineering question. The worldwide trend in shipboard manning is toward increasingly smaller crew sizes - in the case of some Japanese ships, crews are composed as few as 11 persons. Crew sizes of this level are made possible by advanced technologies permitting unmanned engine rooms and one-man bridge operation, as well as reductions of deck crew for cargo handling. A fundamental question that arises as a result of such crew reductions is the extent to which smaller crews compromise ship safety and the ability to respond in an emergency. This question has not been addressed satisfactorily. There is a need for a systematic method of establishing safe crew levels that can be applied on an international basis. A number of authors share this opinion, but at this time no comprehensive approach has been established. Several issues make the need for a model of ship manning increasingly important. Most generally, they involve understanding how reduced or modified staffing influences ship safety. The general issue of ship safety involves several more specific concerns, such as the effects of increased technology, emergency response effectiveness, and maiqntenance capabilities. In establishing safe crew levels, the government and industry need to consider demands on the crew, each vessel's technology, type of service, crew skills, and quality of management and management programs. Evaluating how these, and other issues affect ship safety provides a crucial step toward developing a technical basis for Coast Guard policy.
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