Response of five transplants olive cultivars to salinity and drought treatments
2011
Hmmam, I.s.
The present study was carried out during two successive seasons 2009 and 2010 in greenhouse of the Pomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, on five olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars (Picual, Koroneiki , Manzanillo , Coratina and Eggizi Shami). One-year-old uniformed transplants were transplanted in sand culture. This study included two experiments: The first experiment studied the effect of salt stress on transplants of the previous five olive cultivars. In this experiment, five salt treatments of Sodium chloride [0 (control), 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM/L] were used. These treatments were added through irrigation water. The obtained results showed that increasing salinity concentration decreased the survival percentage, transplant length, diameter, leaves number/transplant, leaf area, fresh and dry weight of vegetative and root/transplant, leaves content of N, P, K, Ca and chlorophyll. On the other hand, leaves content of Na, Cl and proline content were increased. The second experiment studied the effect of drought stress on olive transplants. In this experiment, four treatments of irrigation levels [100 (control), 75, 50 and 25% of field capacity] were applied for the previous five olive cultivars. The obtained results showed that decreasing the irrigation water decreased the transplant length, diameter, leaves number/transplant, leaf area, fresh and dry weight of vegetative and root/transplant, leaves content of N, P, K, Ca, Na and CI, while there were no significant differences between treatments in proline content. Also, leaves chlorophyll content, leaf water and relative water content were decreased. Concerning the effect of cultivars, Koroneiki cv. recorded the highest tolerance to salinity and drought stress followed by Coratina and Picual cultivars, while Eggizi Shami and Manzanillo cultivars were the lowest toerance to salinity and drought stress.
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