Processing of herbs and herbal products
2000
Ramlan A.Z. | Mohamad Roji S., Teknologi Malaysia, Univ., 81310, Skudai, Johor (Malaysia). Chemical Engineering Pilot Plant
The current status of herbal product processing is described in the paper. The processes highlighted are processing of crude herb materials, highly concentrated standardised extracts and purified extracts. The raw materials for the processes are called herbal materials. Herbal materials are parts of plants such as roots, rhizomes, barks, seeds, fruits, and leaves, flowers and stems. The value of the herbal materials is related to the content of the active ingredients in the herbal preparations. Suitable processing techniques are employed to maintain the quality of the products. Herbal product processing involves both farms and processing facilities. The primary herb processing steps include drying, size reduction, grinding and sieving. The secondary processing involves extraction with the aid of suitable solvents, concentration and drying. Solid¬liquid extraction equipment such as the Turbo-Extractor Distiller, Advanced Phytonic process, superc ritical extraction process, spray drying and freeze-drying are described. The products of secondary processing are in the form of whole extract, concentrated extract and powdered extract. The extracts are then standardised based on a recognised herbal standard. Further purification to obtain pure phytochemicals requires elaborate separation and purification steps such as solvent-solvent extraction, solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography. Finally, aspect of Quality Assurance based on CGMP for herbal processing is presented.
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