Genetic diversity of pistachio in Tunisia
2010
Ghrab, M | Zribi, F | Chelli-Chaabouni, A. | Gouta, H | Ben Mimoun, M
A research program is focus on protecting local genetic resources of pistachio and almond. The main traditional zones of pistachio crop in the centre and the south of Tunisia were prospected. Many specimens of Pistacia vera and Pistacia atlantica were investigated. Subsequently, local and foreign cultivars from collection were studied. Flowering time, nut futures and kernel quality were determined. Results obtained revealed interesting ecotypes behaviours and performances. For all the characteristics, great variability between ecotypes was observed. Differences were particularly important when flowering time and maturity period were considered. Nut futures revealed significant differences in P. vera nut weight which varied from 0.48 to 1.03 g. Blank and split rates were ranged respectively from 2 to 60% and from 14 to 95%. P. atlantica fruits fresh weights varied between 7.9 and 20 g for 100 fruits. Fat content of P. vera and P. atlantica ecotypes ranged between 56 and 78% DW and 40.45 and 48.2% DW respectively. Palmitic acid was the main saturated fatty acid, its content varied between 7.1 and 12.9 per cent in P. vera and between 16.3 and 24.8% in P. atlantica. Oleic acid content ranged from 56.1 to 80.7% in P. vera with a significant difference over different ecotypes. For P. atlantica genotypes this latter fatty acid rates were ranged between 47.3 and 61% DW. Linoleic acid rate, varied between 8.2 and 29.7% DW in P. vera and was ranged between 17 and 19% DW in P. atlantica. Great variability was detected in P. atlantica germination capacity with extremes germination rates of 5 and 100 per cent.
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