Terminology and classification of waste land | Terminológia a klasifikácia spustnutých pôd

In Slovakia, since the Wallachias colonization even in the middle of the 20th century occurred from 70,000 to 220,000 hectares of waste lands. It was the peak stage of soil erosion and devastation of the country, which occurred by man initiation (anthropogenic and anthropozoogenic influences) mainly through deforestation, fires, removal or weakening of vegetation cover combined with grazing domestic animals, or by irrational use of land (shifting cultivation, plowing cross curves, improperly distributes road network and location - land consolidation without hydrotechnic measures, etc.). For these areas accelerated large water erosion arose; to a lesser extent also wind erosion, landslide, or other geomorphological processes (avalanches, detritus flows, solifluction, regelation processes with frost lift, etc.) uniformly in erosion, transport and accumulation form. Thus, there are areas (surfaces), characteristic by denuded geological base in better case by disturbation of the horizontal and vertical integrity of soil mantle. That was made by slope furrowing creating a dense network of linear erosion forms, and by overlapping (buried) the original land, etc. Respecting that there was a reduction of production area for crop production in agriculture and forestry (from lowlands to mountainous areas including uplands and highlands, but by the influence of high-mountain Carpathian sheepcote-management also in subalpine and alpine stage) about half that size of waste lands has afforested. However, currently we have a modern waste lands whose history is linked to industrialization occurring both on quarries, sandpits, gravel pits, clay mining sites, sewage sludge, tips, spoil heaps. Everywhere was essentially recognized the removal of topsoil at areas with fertile soils, which were abandoned respectively, devastated, for example, places of abandoned farmyards, industrial parks, municipal waste landfills etc. The paper deals with nor clear terminology, respectively, like pedological or landscape-ecological problems: is it the waste lands, waste areas, devastated surfaces, abandoned areas, desolating lands, brownfields, etc.? This category of land (areas - notably earlier eroded waste lands in strict sense) has never been standardized or codified, because the categorization (classification) theoretically was based only on geology (substrate), from what they were developed, in some practically case on degree of afforestation difficulty. Open question in terms of soil conditions is: whether the classification of waste land may not contain an element belonging to the soil unit (soil type) from what arose or these soils can be included into a group of anthropogenic soils.