Studies on biology and ecology of cereal stem moth Ochsenheimeria vacculella F.v.R.
1999
Bagheri, Mohamad Reza
Cereal stem moth Ochsenheimeria vacculella is a small, relatively slender moths Sikh is active only in the daylight. Wing expanse: ll-15mm. Vertex-extremly rough densely covered with long, divergent, stramineous scales. Compound eyes rounded relatively small. A pair of rather large ocelli present near to antennal sockets, tntennae simple short, less than 0.6 the length of forewing. The common colour of body and forewings is fuscous , dorsum sixth abdominal segment pale yellow which is obvious characther of pest, basal hindwing is white, distal part and fringe are brown. T - entering is as egg on debris of cereal around the farms. After emerging in the pring. the first instar larvae are blown away to the host plants by the wind. Larvae are gre eflow, head black, pronotum with two dark-brown areas. The mature larvae lighter in colour and have two dark plates on last abdominal segment in addition to pronotai plates. Chrochetes reduced in number and less than 5 in each leg. Maximum length of mature larvae is 18-20 mm .First instar larvae feed on leaves and older ones bore in to the stems, a single larvae is able to damage to several stems' before pupation. The most damage is caused by the larvae which gnaw below or directly into the ears, causing "white ears". Pupation takes place among cereal leaves and the stems in the end of May. Adults emerge during the first half of June. This pest, is nmvoltine. The highest damage was recorded in Zaghmar village. In this area %6.85 f ears were dried up and %7.5 of them were fed directly by the pest. Cereal stem -::- -_.: _everal natural enemies, including parasitoid wasps, spiders, predaceous bogs and birds.
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