Pollination mechanisms and breeding systems of Santalum album (Santalaceae), the new landrace of Gunungkidul, Central Java
2005
Prehaten, D. | Ratnaningrum, Y.W.N.
Sandalwood (Santalum album), an endangered economically-important species endemic to eastern parts of Indonesia was introduced to Central Java in 1968. It has naturalized, reproducing itself and believed to be the local landrace. The reproductive ecology of the species was studied with respect to pollination mechanisms and breeding systems. The former were specifically determining the role of floral attractants on pollination effectiveness, while the latter were determining self-compatibility and out-crossing rate. he hermaphrodite, self-compatible, protandrous single flowers bearing papillate stigma and four anthers with less-sticky pollen were visited by visitors representing 3 orders, i.e. Diptera, Hymenoptera, and Lepidoptera. Visitors were active at different times and at different stages of flowering, which probably received different rewards. Both inner and outer petals were not the main attractants for pollinators. The visitation is not only determined by the color of the petals. The mature pollen (available at anthesis), and the nectar secreted in the basal portion of petals (available at the time of stigma receptivity), was assumed as the rewards. The difference of flowering stage, in turn, has brought to the consequence of different floral visitors. Hand-pollination indicated a mixed mating system. Both the value of Out-crossing Index and Index of Self Incompatibility implied the self-compatible mechanisms. The self-compatible mating system and a limited quantity of pollen gave the impact on the highly selfing rate although there were temporal separation of sexes. Effective conservation and improvement programs for this species need to focus on promotion of out-crossing.
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