Liberalizing Trade in Services : A Survey

Hoekman, Bernard

Liberalizing Trade in Services : A Survey

2006

Hoekman, Bernard

Since the mid 1980s a substantial amount of research has been undertaken on trade in services. Much of this is inspired by the World Trade Organization or regional trade agreements, especially the European Union, but an increasing number of papers focus on the impacts of services sector liberalization. This paper surveys the literature, focusing on contributions that investigate the determinants of international trade and investment in services, the potential gains from greater trade (and liberalization), and efforts to cooperate to achieve such liberalization through trade agreements. It concludes that there is increasing evidence that services liberalization is an important source of potential welfare gains, but relatively little research has been done that can inform the design of international cooperation-both trade agreements and development assistance-so as to more effectively promote development objectives.

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Mots clés AGROVOC

agriculture air air transport balance of payments cartel consumer protection consumers crossing exports fats fixed costs foreign firms free trade imperfect competition international trade market access market structure monopoly national income perfect competition services telecommunications terms of trade trade barriers trade facilitation trade policies transport transportation variable costs wages wto

Informations bibliographiques

Editeur

World Bank, Washington, DC

D'autres materias

Liberalization of trade; Services trade; Market failure; Open economies; Foreign providers; Factors of production; Trade volumes; Foreign affiliates trade in services; Telecom services; Cross-border supply; Trade theory; Regional integration; Import tariffs; International transactions; Liberalization of trade in goods; Importance of services; Asymmetric information; Export performance; Competitiveness of firms; Market share; Liberalizing trade; True; Rates of protection; Service suppliers; Gdp; Development assistance; Tariff data; Adverse effects; Export market; Increasing returns to scale; Services transactions; Competition framework; Political economy; Service sector; Services industries; Distribution services; Absence of competition; Carriers; Trade policy; Product differentiation; Competition law; Services context; Communication costs; Service activities; Absolute value; Total factor productivity; Foreign competitors; Government regulation; Specialization; Exporters; Foreign entry; Patterns of trade; Pattern of trade; International trade in services; National welfare; Congestion; Regional trade; Consumption abroad; Input-output tables; Domestic providers; Transactions costs; Effective market access; Services industry; Gats; Transport costs; Movement of natural persons; Domestic competition; Trade in services; Services activities; Terms of trade effects; Global welfare; Multilateral rules; Service sectors; Elasticities of demand; Barriers to entry; Foreign affiliates; Importing country; Domestic consumers; Competitiveness; Services liberalization; Communication technologies; Per capita incomes; Bilateral tariff; Communication services; Mfn; Market size; Customs clearance; Liberalization; Service transactions; Long-distance; Trade services; Foreign firm; Value of imports; Foreign exchange; National treatment; Business services; Regional integration agreements; Regulatory regimes; Increasing returns; Business process outsourcing; Tariff preferences; Comparative advantage; Nash equilibrium; Outsourcing; Trade flows; Agreement on trade; Income elasticities; Foreign markets; Competition law enforcement; Tariff revenue; Prudential supervision; Global trade; Intermediate inputs; Services sector; Modes of supply; Characteristics of services; Cross-border trade; Bilateral trade; Welfare gains; Services inputs; Network externalities; Tariff reductions; Welfare impacts; Domestic firms; Commercial services; Industry trade; World trade; Trade costs; Foreign market; Telecoms; Trade patterns; Gravity model; Uruguay round; Alternative modes; Regional trade agreements; Cross border trade; Telecommunications networks; Transport services; Tariff reduction; Tax; Positive externalities; Domestic regulations; Commercial presence; Final goods

Licence

Policy Research Working Paper; No. 4030http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/us/World BankCC BY 3.0 Unported

Source

Policy Research Working Paper; No. 4030

Sur AGRIS depuis: 2014-09-15

Format: AGRIS AP

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Liens

http://hdl.handle.net/10986/9004

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Liberalizing Trade in Services : A Survey

2006

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Informations bibliographiques