National plan of erosion and its control
2014
Charkhabi, Amir Hoseyn | Arab Khedri, Mahmud | Nabi Peye Lashkariyan, Saied | Iran Manesh, Fazel
Soil and water conservation in each country is one of themost important columns of sustainable agriculture.Recent investigations show without any changes in today,s trend, soil erosion increase, soil fertility and productivity decrease, surface and groundwater pollution, and degradeded floods occurrences are possible. So, it is necessary to define correct management bases corresponding to ecological, economical and social circumstances. For this purpose, a national plan was defined with title national project of erosion and its control in watersheds .In framework of this project, north and south Alborz, central Iran, north Karoon, and Ommany Khalij watersheds were defined.In north and south Alborz watersheds, effect of land use and management on erosion and soil properties and PSIAC model efficiency in erosion and sediment estimation were investigated. In central Iran watershed (Ardestan), effevtive factors on erosion and sediment, soil hydrologic groups, water spreading effect on erosion decrease, plant cover efficiency for soil gegradation recognition, wind erosion and super adsorbent effects on water holding were studied. Then erosion risk in the region by use of GIS were layered. Erosion and sediment investigation by use of field rainfall simulator, fixed rainfall simulator, and radioactive Cs and evaluation of soils in different landforms were investigated in north karoon watershed. Morphometric characteristics of east south of Iran with digital process of satellite pictures, was studied in Ommany Khalij. Results in Alborz watersheds showed that forest and rangeland had important role in physic-chemical properties of the soils. Incorrect condition of Ardestan for plant cover, soil and water resources, wether conditions, flood occurrence, soil quality, and social and economical difficulties in the region, cause desertification trend and sand dune increase. Land use and moisture condition treatments were the most important factors in runoff increase in Gorgak (north Karoon). Gully surfaces in Dashtiary region (Ommany Kalij watershed) were growed three times from 1988 to 2001.
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