Induction of genetic variation in Hybrid Rose by using combined techniques of tissue culture and mutation.‎.

Optimizing the in vitro culture condition for rose explants is the first step to apply biotechnology in breeding and producing pathogen free plants. This experiment was designed on the basis of Randomized Complete Design (RCD) with 8 hormone treatment (BAP, NAA) for proliferation stage and 9 hormone treatment (NAA, IAA) for rooting stage. In proliferation stage, the effects of BAP and NAA at different concentrations in MS medium were investigated on the number of propagated buds and, number, length, quality, fresh and dry weight of produced roots. Statistical analysis showed significant difference (p 0.01) between proliferation rate and rooting at different mediums. In conclusion, results indicate that MS+3mgr/l BAP and MS without hormone are best medium for proliferation stage and rooting stage. At this project, then, was produced sufficient population of buds from shoot tips in vitro culture condition. Then, used from 0, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110 and 130T 160,190 gray doses of gamma ray. This experiment was designed on the basis of Randomized Complete Design (RCD) with 4 repetitions that each repetition including 5 samples. Survival percent, Plant length, fresh and dry weight of buds was measured 45 days after irradiation. Analytical results show that coefficient of regression for Plant length was 0/935 that was maximum Coefficient between the four measured traits. In conclusion, analytical results indicate that50-60 gray were suitable doses of gamma radiation for Genetic variation (mutation breeding). For increasing of genetic variability in rose, primary population was produced with micro-propagation and explants were cultured in MS+3mg/l BAP. Then, plant buds treated with 50, 60 and 70 gray of gamma ray. The explants sub-cultured for three times in lab condition with same medium. After rooting, the samples transferred to the field. In comparison results with intact sample, some of mutant plants had variation in leaf shape, flower color and plant morphology. Key word: rose, mutation, gamma radiation and genetic variability