Effects of swine waste pollution on water quality and fish productivity of the Calumpang River watershed Batangas Province, Philippines
2013
Morales, L.R.
The intensive swine industry in Calumpang River watershed has altered the ecosystem services in Calumpang River. Spatial assessment of swine waste loading into this river and its influence on water quality, Cu and Zn content of sediments and fish and fish assemblage was conducted in December 2010 to May 2011. Four sampling stations were established along the main stream. Local policies related to swine waste management were analyzed. Animal unit density, estimated manure production and potential eutrophication in barangay [village] identified the environmental hotspots on animal waste pollution. Total P, BOD and fecal coliform counts exceeded DENR [Department of Environment and Natural Resources] (1990) water quality standard for Class C of fresh water. Total N most often did not exceed Class C standard inspite of high animal units. The overall mean of BOD and total P and N at different sections of the main stream were significantly correlated with estimated cumulative manure production from upstream to downstream. The Zn and Cu contents of the fishes exceeded the WHO [World Health Organization] (2003) standard for fish. Fish diversity increased from upstream to downstream. Market ased instrument could improve value adding to swine waste enhance compliance with local and national environmental policies on swine waste management.
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