Trade in 'Virtual Carbon' : Empirical Results and Implications for Policy

Atkinson, Giles; Hamilton, Kirk; Ruta, Giovanni; Van Der Mensbrugghe, Dominique

Trade in 'Virtual Carbon' : Empirical Results and Implications for Policy

2014

Atkinson, Giles | Hamilton, Kirk | Ruta, Giovanni | Van Der Mensbrugghe, Dominique

The fact that developing countries do not have carbon emission caps under the Kyoto Protocol has led to the current interest in high-income countries in border taxes on the "virtual" carbon content of imports. The authors use Global Trade Analysis Project data and input-output analysis to estimate the flows of virtual carbon implicit in domestic production technologies and the pattern of international trade. The results present striking evidence on the wide variation in the carbon-intensiveness of trade across countries, with major developing countries being large net exporters of virtual carbon. The analysis suggests that tax rates of $50 per ton of virtual carbon could lead to very substantial effective tariff rates on the exports of the most carbon-intensive developing nations.

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Mots clés AGROVOC

acid rain balance of payments calculation carbon carbon dioxide chemicals climate climate change co2 coal crude oil development economics domestic production economic sectors economics elasticities electricity environmental impact equilibrium exchange rate exports greenhouse gases industrialization international trade

Informations bibliographiques

Editeur

World Bank, Washington, DC

D'autres materias

Acid; Damages; Emissions reduction; Financial assistance; Global climate change; Emissions inventories; Energy goods; Gdp; Economic research; Average tax rates; Emissions from agriculture; Emissions leakage; Exchange rates; Carbon tax; Emission trading; Carbon intensity; Ferrous metals; Financial transfers; Global emissions; Fuel consumption; Carbon reductions; Cost of abatement; Economic activity; Economic effects; Carbon price; Climate change problem; Emissions data; Carbon leakage; Abatement; Carbonization; Economic adjustment; Carbon emissions; Carbon taxes; Fossil fuel consumption; Domestic sources; Land-use change; Environmental law; Carbon flows; Emissions from production; Environmental; Economic impacts; Intermediate goods; Greenhouse; Climate change negotiations; Carbon emission; Adjustment policies; Emission intensities; Climate policy; Caps; Bilateral trade; Domestic emissions; Carbon inventories; Domestic carbon; Carbon content; Incentive effects; Carbon balance; Equity considerations; Carbon dioxide emissions; Emission intensity; Fossil fuel; Gross national income; Lower prices; Energy policy; Ecological economics

Langue

anglais

Type

Working Paper; Text

Sur AGRIS depuis: 2016-03-15

Format: AGRIS AP

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Trade in 'Virtual Carbon' : Empirical Results and Implications for Policy

2014

Mots clés AGROVOC

Informations bibliographiques