Appraisal of trace metal elements in soil, forage and animal continuum: a case study on pasture irrigated with sewage water
2016
Khan, Z.I. | Ahmad, K. | Ashraf, I. | Fardous, A. | Sher, M. | Akram, N.A. | Ashraf, M. | Hayat, Z. | Laudadio, V. | Tufarelli, V. | Hussain, A. | Arshad, F. | Cazzato, E.
The study determined the mineral excesses and deficiencies for grazing livestock, and analyzed the heavy metal content and bioaccumulation of certain trace elements to assess the health risk in ruminants from consumption of forage irrigated with either sewage of canal water. The transfer of chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) from soil to forage and to animals was evaluated. Samples of soil, forage and buffalo hair were collected and analyzed. Data showed that heavy metal concentrations were higher in forage irrigated with sewage water compared with forage irrigated with canal water. Among the heavy metals investigated, Cr had the highest concentration followed by Pb whereas Ni and Cd were found in lower concentrations. The highest mineral transfer rates were detected in sewage irrigated forage, and the lowest rates in canal water irrigated forage. There was a positive correlation between Pb and Cr in soil and forage, and a negative correlation for Ni, and Cd. The transfer of minerals depends on bioavailability, the highest values may be due to the high rates of mineral uptake by forage. Therefore, the high transfer rate of trace elements by forage could become toxic, resulting in unfavorable consequences to grazing animals.
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