Biološka aktivnost etarskih ulja i ekstrakata odabranih vrsta iz familije Apiaceae / Biological activities of essential oils and extracts of selected Apiaceae species

In this work the biological activity of essential oils and extracts from following Apiaceae species was analyzed: Eryngium serbicum Pančić, Seseli pallasii Besser, Seseli libanotis (L.) Koch subsp. libanotis, Seseli libanotis (L.) Koch subsp. intermedium (Rupr.) P. W. Ball, Peucedanum officinale L., Peucedanum longifolium W. et K., Peucedanum aegopodioides (Boiss.) Vand., Peucedanum alsaticum L., Pastinaca sativa L., Heracleum sphondylium L., Tordylium maximum L., Cachrys cristata DC., Opopanax hispidus (Friv.) Griseb. Herbal samples, were extracted with methanol, acetone and ethil-acetate, while aqueous extracts were dried by freeze-dryer. Essential oils of above species, and selected extracts were evaluated for their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. As a positive control commercial antibiotics and fungicides were used, while BHA and Vitamin C were used in antioxidant test. The antimicrobial activity of essential oils and extracts was investigated against: Gram (-) bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomons aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella enteritidis, Enterobacter cloacae) and Gram (+) bacteria (Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, Micrococcus flavus, Staphylococcus aureus), and micromycetes (Aspergillus niger, A. ochraceus, A. versicolor, A. fumigatus, Penicillium funiculosum, P. ochrochloron, Trichoderma viride, Candida albicans). The volatile constituents were analyzed using GC and GC/MS procedures. Microdilution method on microtitration plates was used for antimicrobial assay. Minimum inhibitory and minimum antibacterial/antifungal concentrations (MIC and MBC/MFC) were determined. DPPH and ABTS assay and total phenol and flavonoid content were used for antioxidant activity determination. Essential oil of Eryngium serbicum was the most effective antimicrobial agents, followed by Peucedanum species, while Seseli pallasii essential oil showed the lowest antimicrobial activity. Acetone and ethil-acetate extracts showed better antimicrobial potential than methanol and aquous extracts. Salmonella typhimurium were the most susceptible bacteria, while Listeria monocytogenes, showed good resistance to all of oils and extracts investigated. The results show that the tested micromycetes Aspergillus ochraceus was the most sensitive, while Candida albicans was the most resistant. Aquous extracts were the most effective DPPH radical scavangers, while acetone extracts were the most effective at ABTS test. Exstracts of Peucedanum officinale was with highest antioxidant activity.