Šumska zemljišta planine Javor u Republici Srpskoj / Forest soils of Javor mountain in the Republic of Srpska

This dissertation presents forest soils of Javor Mountain in the Republic of Srpska, based on field and laboratory research of basic physical and hemical characteristics. Javor mountain is located in east part of the Republic of Srpske, between municipalities Vlasenica, Han Pijesak and Kladanj (Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina). Geographical direction of massif is northwest - southeast, and the highest peak is 1537 meters above sea namely Veliki Žep. Geologicaly is heterogeneous, the central part is covered by limestones, southern and southwestern slopes covers sandstones, cherts and claystones, north and northeast slopes are covered with limestones and cherts. Localy we found marl, lake sediments and peridotite. The area has mountain climate with continental influences. Average value of annual temperature at the lowest level of mountain is 6.2°C, and the highest point has 3.8°C. In vegetation period average precipitation is 583 mm or 57.7%. According to the size of the annual climate index, very humid climate dominated and with higher altutide becomes perhumid. The biggest surface of Javor Mountain is covered by beech fir and spruce forests (Piceo - Abieti - Fagetum, Stef., et al. 1983). The following types of soil are separated: ranker, black soil, eutric brown soil, dystric brown soil, brown soil, podzol, brown podzolized soil and illimerized soil. The most prevalent soil type on limestones are black soil and brown soil. Black soils are well developed, with variable depth, well structured, humic, with a high adsorptive complex. On the ridges, steep slopes black soils are highly endangered by erosion. Brown soil on limestone is moderately deep, mostly with moderate humus level, and productivity is determined by their depth and degree of rockiness and stouniness. Acid brown soil is the dominant soil type on silicates of Javor Mountain. These are mainly moderately to very deep soils. Humus is moder type. Loam texture with a stable spheroidal structure provides advantageous water - air regime. Eutric brown soil is developed on small parts of mountain. Texture depends of character of substrate. Podzols are connected with specific acidophilic conditions in small parts of Partizan field. Brown podzolic soils are developed in condition of lower substrate acidity and they are not as poor as podzols are. Illimerized soil is developed on limestone and silicate parent rock. It is very deep, textural diferentiated with high percent of humus. Despite textural diferentiation, due to the depth of ilimerized soil in terms of mountain climate, this is very productive soil covered by high qualitive forests of beech, fir and spruce; fir and spruce and beech forests.