Structural and functional aspects, kinetic properties, specificity and diverse interactions of alpha-amylase inhibitors.
2015
Rimaljeet Kaur | Gupta, A. K. | Narinder Kaur
Alpha-amylase inhibitors (alpha-Als) belong to the family of defence proteins which impede the digestion through their action on digestive alpha-amylases. These inhibitors have natural roles in the control of endogenous alpha-amylase activity or in defence against pathogens and pests. Certain inhibitors have been reported to act as antinutritional factors. The alpha-Als have been classified into seven different protein structural families that show remarkable structural diversity, leading to different modes of inhibition and different specificity profiles against various alpha-amylases. Specificity of inhibition is an important issue as the introduced inhibitor in transgenics should not adversely affect its own alpha-amylases. The present review addresses the diverse group of alpha-Als, various modes of inhibition during different enzyme-inhibitor interactions, kinetic properties, specificity and homology among different alpha-Als with the focus on exploring the diversity in characteristics of various alpha-Als. In addition, potential of transgenics with alpha-Als has also been discussed for insect resistance and controlling infestation.
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